Alexandre Sérgio de Oliveira Angelin PhD SMS-UNICAMP/SP®
Ednei Fernando dos Santos PhD UNICSUL/SP
Tiago Regis Franco de Almeida PhD UNIESP/SP
Marcelo Donizeti Silva Postdoctoral EERP-USP/SP
School of Medical Sciences
University of Campinas (Unicamp)
São Paulo- Brazil
Email alexandreangelin@yahoo.com.br / a271295@dac.unicamp.br
https://doi.org/10.61618/EFYD7229
Abstract
Introduction: Drowning fatalities pose a global public health challenge, particularly in Mass Casualty Incidents in Aquatic Environments (MCI-AqE). Ineffective screening victim triage is critical when there are many victims and resources are overwhelmed, and lack of planning.
Objective: This article introduces a Protocol for Simple Triage and Rapid Aid (S.T.A.R.A.). Aim is propose a theoretical triage model for aquatic environments, integrating variables like buoyancy, response time, and victim grouping.
Methods: S.T.A.R.A.-Protocol was developed using a qualitative, descriptive method based on expert consensus and illustrative scenarios. Its formulation involved rapid scene assessment, victim observation, strategic floating equipment deployment, and prioritization of response time focusing on consciousness and aquatic mobility. The protocol uses five color-coded
triage categories and a clear decision-making flow.
Results: The simulation of S.T.A.R.A. demonstrates enhanced rapid in MCI-AqE. improved operational efficiency, structured resource allocation, and timely interventions. A protocol visual and color-coded system facilitates decision-making, optimizing rescue efforts.
Conclusion: S.T.A.R.A.-Protocol offers a standardized, practical, and efficient framework for triage in aquatic mass casualty incidents in aquatic environments. It test is expected to improve rescue operations, reduce fatalities, and optimize resource allocation, enhancing preparedness and response capabilities. Beyond operational benefits, S.T.A.R.A. also supports rescuer mental health. By providing a clear, structured decision-making framework in high-stress MCI-AqE scenarios, it reduces uncertainty in cases for first responders, then better cognitive load. This systematic approach can mitigate the psychological impact of chaotic events that contribute to PTSD and other mental diseases in rescue personnel.
KEY WORDS: Firefighters, Rescue, Triage, MCI, Aquatic environment.